Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
 Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus & ISI's SCI  
Users online: 3420  
Home | Subscribe | Feedback | Login 
About Latest Articles Back-Issues Articlesmenu-bullet Search Instructions Online Submission Subscribe Etcetera Contact
 
  NAVIGATE Here 
  Search
 
 :: Next article
 :: Previous article 
 :: Table of Contents
  
 RESOURCE Links
 ::  Similar in PUBMED
 ::  Search Pubmed for
 ::  Search in Google Scholar for
 ::Related articles
 ::  Article in PDF (200 KB)
 ::  Citation Manager
 ::  Access Statistics
 ::  Reader Comments
 ::  Email Alert *
 ::  Add to My List *
* Registration required (free) 

  IN THIS Article
 ::  Acknowledgment
 ::  References

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed8459    
    Printed258    
    Emailed2    
    PDF Downloaded137    
    Comments [Add]    
    Cited by others 1    

Recommend this journal


 


 
LETTER TO EDITOR
Year : 2002  |  Volume : 48  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 329-30

Cardiac output monitoring based on thoracic electrical bioimpedance.




Correspondence Address:
V K Mohan


Login to access the Email id

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


PMID: 12571400

Rights and PermissionsRights and Permissions



Keywords: Adult, Cardiac Output, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, epidemiology,physiopathology,Case Report, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Cholelithiasis, epidemiology,surgery,Comorbidity, Electric Impedance, Female, Human, Monitoring, Intraoperative,


How to cite this article:
Mohan V K, Chanderlekha, Kashyap L. Cardiac output monitoring based on thoracic electrical bioimpedance. J Postgrad Med 2002;48:329

How to cite this URL:
Mohan V K, Chanderlekha, Kashyap L. Cardiac output monitoring based on thoracic electrical bioimpedance. J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2002 [cited 2023 May 30];48:329. Available from: https://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2002/48/4/329/62


Sir,

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is characterised by hypertrophied interventricular septum and anterolateral septal wall causing interference in systolic emptying. There is little involvement of the posterior left ventricular wall.[1] Pneumoperitoneum may affect preload and afterload and that depends on intraabdominal pressure, posture, ventilatory settings and intravascular volume status.[2] These changes during pneumoperitoneum in HOCM may be deleterious. Therefore intensive cardiac monitoring in these patients is recommended.[3]

A 33-year-old, 82 kg female was scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. On examination her pulse rate was 92/min and her blood pressure was 184/106 mm Hg. On auscultation the lungs were clear and a grade III/IV systolic murmur, maximal at fifth intercostal space was present radiating to the base and the axilla. Her ECG showed left ventricular hypertrophy with non-specific ST changes. Chest x-ray showed clear lung fields with cardiomegaly. Echocardiogram showed interventricular septum(ed) 29.6 mm/m2 and left ventricular posterior wall LVPW(ed) 12.3mm/m2 that was suggestive of HOCM. In view of HOCM, non-invasive cardiac output monitoring was planned. CIC-1000TM Monitor (SORBA Medical Systems INC, Brookfield) based on thoracic electrical bioimpedance principle was used. After administration of general anaesthesia, pneumoperitoneum was created by insufflation of carbon dioxide at the rate of 2 l/min and intra-abdominal pressure was maintained at 12 mmHg. After pneumoperitoneum cardiac output decreased from 2.6 l/min. to 1.9 l/min. Heart rate and blood pressure decreased from 68/min and 110/78 mmHg to 51/min and 98/56 mmHg respectively. The fall in cardiac output was treated with rapid infusion of ringer lactate solution (600 ml), change in position from head up tilt to supine. At this time the surgeon was asked to decrease and maintain intra-abdominal pressure at 10 mmHg. Cardiac output recovered following these measures and haemodynamic parameters remained stable during the rest of the intraoperative period.

Patients with HOCM for non-cardiac surgery have increased risk of adverse cardiac events like congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias and hypotension.[4]

Cardiac output monitoring based on thoracic bioimpedance has been found to be as accurate and reliable as other invasive techniques.[5] Thorax is assumed to be a cylinder having electrical length between neck and xiphoid and has a basic impedance. A constant small current is passed between two outer electrodes, voltage change is sensed by two inner electrodes and impedance is derived according to the equations described by Sramek and Bernstein.[5] Stroke volume and cardiac output can be measured continuously and at fixed intervals.

Anaesthetic management of patients with HOCM requires avoidance of such measures that decrease preload and afterload.[6] Any decrease in venous return and cardiac output can be managed by increasing the circulatory volume and by head down tilt before insufflation of gas and a low intraperitoneal pressure.[7] In this case intraoperative decrease in cardiac output was managed with change in patient’s position, intravenous fluids and by decreasing the intra-abdominal pressure. Thoracic electrical bioimpedance technique may be useful for monitoring adverse cardiac events and to guide fluid therapy and inotropic support during the intraoperative period. [7]


  ::   Acknowledgment Top


We are indebted to Dr. Perminder Singh for the preparation of the manuscript.

 
 :: References Top

1.Maron BJ, Gottdiener JS, Epstein SE. Patterns and significance of distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A wide angle, two-dimensional echocaridiographic study of 125 patients. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:418-28.  Back to cited text no. 1    
2.Wahba RWM, Beique F, Kleiman SJ.Cardiopulmonary function and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Anaesth 1995;42:51-63.  Back to cited text no. 2    
3.Tessler MJ, Hudson R, Naugler-Colville MA, Biehl DR. Pulmonary edema in two parturients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Can J Anaesth 1990;37:469-73.   Back to cited text no. 3    
4.Haering JM, Comunale ME, Parker RA, Lowenstein E, Douglas PS, Krumholz HM et al. Cardiac risk of non-cardiac surgery in patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Anesthesiology 1996;85:254-9.  Back to cited text no. 4    
5.Castor G, Klocke RK, Stoll M, Helms J, Niedermark I. Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output by themodilution, thoracic electrical bioimpedance and Doppler ultrasound. Br J Anaesth 1994;72:133-8.  Back to cited text no. 5    
6.Loubser P, Suh K, Cohen S.Adverse effects of Spinal Anesthesia in a patient with Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenonsis.Anesthesiology 1984;60:228-30.  Back to cited text no. 6    
7.Joris JL.Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery. In: Miller RD, editor. Anesthesia, 5th edn. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. pp. 2003-23.  Back to cited text no. 7    



This article has been cited by
1 Prognostic value of hemodynamic findings from impedance cardiography in hypertensive stroke
Ramirez MFL, Tibayan RT, Marinas CE, et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION. 2005; 18 ((2 SUPPL)): 65S-72S
[Pubmed]



 

Top
Print this article  Email this article
Previous article Next article
Online since 12th February '04
© 2004 - Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
Official Publication of the Staff Society of the Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow