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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 66
| Issue : 4 | Page : 215-217 |
Retained pelvic pin site debris after navigated total hip replacement: Masquerading as an early-stage chondrosarcomatous lesion
AP Kurmis
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, SA, Australia
| Date of Submission | 28-May-2020 |
| Date of Decision | 10-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Acceptance | 30-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 27-Oct-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
A P Kurmis
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lyell McEwin Hospital, SA
Australia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_605_20
Once purely the domain of knee surgery, the use of computer-navigated techniques in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is becoming progressively more commonplace. As with the adoption of any new technology-assisted approach, the uptake of navigated THA utilization has heralded a new suite of technique-specific potential complications. One such example – not usually seen with conventional instrumented THA – pertains to complications related to the insertion and use of fixed pelvic array trackers. This case report describes the unusual circumstance of retained local bony debris generated through application of self-drilling, self-tapping iliac crest pins (for rigid navigation tracker placement) being mis-interpreted on advanced imaging - at a hospital site remote from the index surgery - as an aggressive, early-stage, chondrosarcomatous lesion. This case highlights the critical importance of both a general awareness of common imaging findings after navigated THA surgery (whereby tracker pins have been employed) and the value of 'hands on' clinical assessment of patients to allow correlation with suspicious imaging findings.
Keywords: Computer navigation, computer.assisted surgery, pin site debris, total hip arthroplasty
How to cite this article:
Kurmis A P. Retained pelvic pin site debris after navigated total hip replacement: Masquerading as an early-stage chondrosarcomatous lesion. J Postgrad Med 2020;66:215-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Kurmis A P. Retained pelvic pin site debris after navigated total hip replacement: Masquerading as an early-stage chondrosarcomatous lesion. J Postgrad Med [serial online] 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 9];66:215-7. Available from: https://www.jpgmonline.com/text.asp?2020/66/4/215/299291 |
While intraoperative computer-navigation for total knee replacement (TKR) has become standard-of-care in many parts of the world, comparable applications in the hip show far less universal uptake.[1] Highlighting this disparity, while the internationally-renown Australian National Joint Replacement Registry records 132,211 computer-navigated primary TKRs in its most recent edition,[2] it presents data for not one computer-navigated total hip replacement (THR). While no robust data yet support the long-term benefit of such technology over conventional means,[3] short-term results are promising.[4],[5]
As with the adoption of any new technology-assisted approach, the uptake of navigated THR[6] has heralded a new suite of technique-specific potential complications.[7],[8] One such example—not usually seen with conventional instrumented THRs—relates to fixed-array pelvic trackers. This report describes the unusual circumstance of retained bony debris generated from self-drilling, self-tapping iliac crest navigation pins being misinterpreted on advanced imaging—at a hospital remote from the index surgery—as an aggressive, early-stage, chondrosarcomatous lesion.
| :: Case Presentation | |  |
An 86-year-old female was referred for evaluation of a painful native left hip. Diagnosed with advanced osteoarthritis [Figure 1], she consented for a THR. Preoperative digital templating was performed, and appropriate implants were selected. At the discretion of the operating specialist, the case performed using the Intellijoint HIP® 3D min-optical navigation tool (Intellijoint Surgical Inc., ON, Canada). | Figure 1: Preoperative X-ray with templating marker, showing advanced eccentric osteoarthritic changes more pronounced on the left side
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The operation was performed without complication, employing a routine posterior approach, an uncemented implant constructs, the Intellijoint® navigation system, and otherwise standard surgical technique. Facilitating navigation utilization, two 4.0 mm pins were placed into the ipsilateral iliac crest. The patient mobilized independently on day one and recovered unremarkably. She was seen postoperatively at 2 and 8 weeks [Figure 2] with a stable hip, no clinically-appreciable leg length discrepancy, and was “extremely happy” with her result.
Unfortunately, 4 months after surgery, the patient fell heavily onto her operative side having been knocked over by a large dog (45 kg). She was transported to the local emergency department (remote to the site of her index hip surgery), where X-rays demonstrated a Vancouver B2-type periprosthetic fracture. A 3D computed tomography (CT) scan[9] was performed for the assessment of fracture propagation and host bone stock.
The metal-artifact-reduced (MAR) CT scan was reported by an experienced senior radiologist describing the oblique peri-prosthetic fracture with a displaced greater trochanteric fragment. However, the report flagged a “sclerotic lesion showing prominent periosteal reaction” associated with the “left iliac bone” [Figure 3]a and [Figure 3]b. This concerning finding was communicated directly to the referring emergency physician with a presumptive incidental diagnosis of an “aggressive, early-stage, pelvic chondrosarcoma.” Metastasis was raised as a differential, reinforced by a known strong family history of malignancy. The patient was referred to the regional orthopedic oncologic service and a tertiary transfer arranged. A MAR magnetic resonance imaging (MAR MRI) and single-positron emission CT (SPECT) scans were ordered for staging. | Figure 3: Representative axial (a.) and coronal (b.) computed tomographic images demonstrating the suspicious lesion (white and black arrows, respectively)
Click here to view |
At this point, the index hip surgeon was contacted (<24 h post-fall). A review of the preoperative imaging did not show evidence of a comparable lesion and the rapidity of evolution was questioned. Correlation of the radiographic lesion location with a physical assessment of the patient confirmed the subjacent relationship to the previous pelvic pin sites. Discussed directly with the reporting radiologist, the patient's full relevant imaging catalog was reviewed via picture archiving and communication system (PACS). An amendment to the gazetted CT report was issued reflecting “periosteal and cortical features in keeping with the location and insertion of recent surgical navigation pins to the left iliac crest.” The ordered MRI and SPECT scans were cancelled. Repeat imaging at 4 months post-revision surgery (i.e., 7.5 months post-index surgery) showed complete resolution of the sclerotic/periosteal features.
| :: Discussion | | |
In general, pins utilized for pelvic tracker securement are self-drilling/self-tapping to add both convenience and safety allowing single-pass insertion. While—when appropriately placed—these pins provide a stable platform for rigid tracker attachment,[10] their insertion generates local cortical bony debris as the flutes advance. The MIS insertion of these pins through a protective sleeve, through mini-stab incisions in the overlying skin, creates a potential for subcutaneous retention of particulate bony debris – even following thorough washout and lavage. Should the patient find a clinical need for detailed imaging to this region (especially CT-based) post-surgery—but before natural resorption of this material—in the uninformed setting, the potential for misdiagnosis exists. Given the significance of the differentials that might reasonably be raised by the radiographic appearances observed, especially around the iliac crests, the possibility of resultant unnecessary physical morbidity (and major psychological angst) is not trivial. To the author's knowledge, this is the first published report of such a misinterpretative diagnosis in mainstream English literature.
Declaration of patient consent
The author certifies that appropriate patient consent was obtained.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| :: References | | |
| 1. | Boylan M, Suchman K, Vigdorchik J, Slover J, Bosco J. Technology-assisted hip and knee arthroplasties: An analysis of utilization trends. J Arthroplasty 2018;33:1019-23.  |
| 2. | Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). Hip, Knee & Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2019 Annual Report. Adelaide: AOA, 2019. Available from: https://aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2019. [Last accessed on 19:18 2019 Dec 01]. |
| 3. | Montgomery BK, Bala A, Huddleston JI 3 rd, Goodman SB, Maloney WJ, Amanatullah DF. Computer navigation vs conventional total hip arthroplasty: A medicare database analysis. J Arthroplasty 2019;34:1994-8.e1. |
| 4. | Bohl DD, Nolte MT, Ong K, Lau E, Calkins TE, Della Valle CJ. Computer-assisted navigation is associated with reductions in the rates of dislocation and acetabular component revision following primary total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019;101:250-6. |
| 5. | Buller LT, McLawhorn AS, Romero JA, Sculco PK, Mayman DJ. Accuracy and precision of acetabular component placement with imageless navigation in obese patients. J Arthroplasty 2019;34:693-9. |
| 6. | Kamara E, Berliner ZP, Hepinstall MS, Cooper HJ. Pin site complications associated with computer-assisted navigation in hip and knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2017;32:2842-6. |
| 7. | Aoude AA, Aldebeyan SA, Nooh A, Weber MH, Tanzer M. Thirty-day complications of conventional and computer-assisted total knee and total hip arthroplasty: Analysis of 103,855 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. J Arthroplasty 2016;31:1674-9. |
| 8. | Brozovich A, Lionberger DR. Periprosthetic fracture of greater trochanter in total hip replacement stemming from pin site placement in navigation-assisted surgery. Case Rep Orthop 2019;2019:1945895. |
| 9. | Kurmis AP. The developing role of knee MRI in musculo-skeletal radiology: The progression to 3-D imaging. Radiogr 2001;48:21-8. |
| 10. | Lambers AP, Salim XG, Jennings R, Bucknill AT. Morbidity and safety of iliac crest reference array pins in navigated total hip arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study. J Arthroplasty 2018;33:1557-61. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
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